Ruby Mander Alizarin sabon launi ne na Winsor & Newton wanda aka tsara tare da fa'idodin alizarin na roba.Mun sake gano wannan launi a cikin ma'ajiyar tarihin mu, kuma a cikin littafin launi daga 1937, masanan kimiyyar mu sun yanke shawarar gwada daidai wannan nau'in tafkin Alizarin mai duhu mai duhu.
Har yanzu muna da littattafan rubutu na ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya George Field;an san shi don yin aiki tare tare da wanda ya kafa mu akan tsarin launi.Bayan da Field ya ɓullo da wata dabarar sanya launin mahaukata ya daɗe, an ƙara yin gwaje-gwaje don samar da wasu kyawawan nau'ikan mahaukata, babban launi shine alizarin.
Tushen hauka na gama-gari (Rubia tinctorum) an noma shi kuma ana amfani da shi wajen rina masakuki na tsawon shekaru akalla shekaru dubu biyar, kodayake an dauki wani lokaci kafin a yi amfani da shi a fenti.Wannan shi ne saboda don amfani da mahaukaci a matsayin pigment, dole ne ka fara canza launin ruwa mai narkewa zuwa wani fili marar narkewa ta hanyar hada shi da gishiri na karfe.
Da zarar ba ya narkewa, za a iya bushe shi da ƙasa mai ƙarfi a gauraye shi da matsakaicin fenti, kamar kowane launi na ma'adinai.Wannan shi ake kira lake pigment, kuma wata dabara ce da ake amfani da ita wajen kera launuka masu yawa daga tsiro ko dabba.
An samo wasu daga cikin tafkuna na farko a kan tukwane na Cypriot tun daga karni na 8 BC.An kuma yi amfani da tafkunan Madder a cikin hotunan mummy da yawa na Romano-Masar.A cikin zanen Turai, an fi amfani da madder a cikin ƙarni na 17 da 18.Saboda fa'ida ta zahirin launi, ana yawan amfani da tabkunan madder don yin kyalli
Dabarar gama gari ita ce a shafa madder glaze a saman vermilion don ƙirƙirar launin fata mai haske.Ana iya ganin wannan hanyar a yawancin zane-zane na Vermeer, kamar Yarinya mai Riding Hood (c. 1665).Abin mamaki, akwai ƴan girke-girke na tarihi don tabkunan madder.Ɗaya daga cikin dalili na wannan yana iya zama cewa, a yawancin lokuta, dyes na mahaukaci ba a samo su daga tsire-tsire ba, amma daga rigar rina.
A shekara ta 1804, George Field ya ɓullo da hanyar da aka sauƙaƙa na cire rini daga tushen madder da madder madder, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin kwanciyar hankali.Ana iya samun kalmar "madder" don kwatanta kewayon inuwar ja, daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa shuɗi zuwa shuɗi.Wannan shi ne saboda wadataccen launi na rini na hauka sakamakon hadaddun masu kalar launuka ne.
Matsakaicin waɗannan launuka na iya shafar abubuwa da yawa, daga nau'in shukar mahaukata da ake amfani da su, ƙasar da ake shuka shuka a cikinta, zuwa yadda ake adana tushen da sarrafa su.Bugu da kari, launin madder pigment na karshe kuma yana shafar karfen gishirin da ake amfani da shi don sanya shi rashin narkewa.
Masanin ilmin sunadarai na Burtaniya William Henry Perkin an nada shi a matsayin a cikin 1868 da masana kimiyyar Jamus Graebe da Lieberman, waɗanda suka ba da izinin haɗawa da alizarin kwana ɗaya da ta gabata.Wannan shi ne na farko roba na halitta pigment.Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idodin yin wannan shine cewa alizarin roba yana kashe ƙasa da rabin farashin tafkin alizarin na halitta, kuma yana da mafi kyawun haske.Wannan shi ne saboda tsire-tsire masu hauka suna ɗaukar shekaru uku zuwa biyar don isa iyakar ƙarfinsu, sannan kuma tsari mai tsawo da ɗaukar lokaci don cire rininsu.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-25-2022